GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN CONTACT CALLS OF FERAL NORTH AMERICAN POPULATIONS OF THE MONK PARAKEET

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSANNAH C. BUHRMAN-DEEVER ◽  
AMY R. RAPPAPORT ◽  
JACK W. BRADBURY
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Monk Parakeet ◽  
Contact Calls

scholarly journals Geographic Variation in Contact Calls of Feral North American Populations of the Monk Parakeet

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susannah C. Buhrman-Deever ◽  
Amy R. Rappaport ◽  
Jack W. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Learning Preferences ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Contact Call ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Monk Parakeet ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Contact Calls

Abstract Introduced feral populations offer a unique opportunity to study the effects of social interaction and founder effects on the development of geographic variation in learned vocalizations. Introduced populations of Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) have been growing in number since the 1970s, with a mixture of isolated and potentially interacting populations. We surveyed diversity in contact calls of Monk Parakeet populations in Connecticut, Texas, Florida, and Louisiana. Contact call structure differed significantly among the isolated populations in each state. Contact call structure also differed significantly among potentially interacting nest colonies in coastal Connecticut, and these differences did not follow a geographic gradient. Limited dispersal distances, founder effects, and social learning preferences may play a role in call structure differences.

Geographic variation of contact calls suggest distinct modes of vocal transmission in a leaf-roosting bat

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Karina Montero ◽  
Maria Sagot ◽  
Caleb D. Phillips ◽  
Robert J. Baker ◽  
Erin H. Gillam
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Contact Calls

Geographic Variation in North American Ninespine Sticklebacks, Pungitius pungitius

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Pungitius Pungitius ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
Tidal Waters ◽  
Lateral Plates

Ventral spine length and the number of lateral plates, dorsal spines, and gill rakers in Pungitius pungitius from 132 North American localities were compared. The number of lateral plates is consistently high in populations from tidal waters, and low in inland populations. Geographic variation in the number of dorsal spines and gill rakers suggest two allopatric forms of P. pungitius in North America. A Bering form ranges from Alaska along the arctic coasts of Canada, and a Mississippi form ranges from the Great Lakes to the Mackenzie River. Two glacial refugia are hypothesised to explain the origin and present distribution of these forms.

Patterns of geographic variation in the skull of Nearctic Ermine (Mustela erminea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Eger
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Mustela Erminea ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Glacial Stage ◽  
Species Groups

A. H. Macpherson suggested that much of the current geographic diversity in species and species groups of arctic mammals resulted from isolation in glacial refugia during the Wisconsin glacial stage. The present study evaluates this refugium hypothesis using a statistical assessment of geographic variation in 13 craniometric characters of Nearctic Mustela erminea. There is significant geographic variation among samples of North American ermine. Most of the skull character variance in this species reflects differences in size and is clinal. Variation in skull size is better explained by temperature and precipitation variables than by geographic distance, suggesting that environmentally ordered selection for size has been superimposed on any size differentiation that occurred during isolation in refugia. Variation in skull shape shows a relatively low correlation with climatic variables, and partitioning tests on shape variation reveal discontinuities consistent with the refugium hypothesis. Distinctive groups of samples reflect possible refugial populations in Eastern Beringia, in periglacial refugia south of the Wisconsin ice in eastern North America, and in one or more western North American refugia.

Geographic Variation in Fluted Projectile Points: A Hemispheric Perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet E. Morrow ◽  
Toby A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North American ◽  
South American ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Fluted Points

This paper examines geographic variation in fluted point morphology across North and South America. Metric data on 449 North American points, 31 Central American points, and 61 South American points were entered into a database. Ratios calculated from these metric attributes are used to quantify aspects of point shape across the two continents. The results of this analysis indicate gradual, progressive changes in fluted point outline shape from the Great Plains of western North America into adjacent parts of North America as well as into Central and South America. The South American “Fishtail” form of fluted point is seen as the culmination of incremental changes in point shape that began well into North America. A geographically gradual decline in fluting frequency also is consistent with the stylistic evolution of the stemmed “Fishtail” points. Although few in number, the available radiocarbon dates do suggest that “Fishtail” fluted points in southern South America are younger than the earliest dates associated with Clovis points in western North America. All of these data converge on the conclusion that South American “Fishtail” points evolved from North American fluted points.

THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA: I. SUBGENERA OROSAGROTIS, LONGIVESICA, CHORIZAGROTIS, PLEONECTOPODA, AND CRASSIVESICA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (S67) ◽  
pp. 7-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
North American ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Adequate Analysis

AbstractThe large and complex genus Euxoa is divided into six subgenera: Orosagrotis, Longivesica, Euxoa, Chorizagrotis, Pleonectopoda, and Crassivesica. Orosagrotis and Chorizagrotis have until now been considered as valid noctuid genera by many workers. Longivesica and Crassivesica are here described as new. The taxonomy and distribution of North American species in all subgenera except the very extensive subgenus Euxoa are considered in the present paper. Only 49 species in a probable North American Euxoa fauna of some 200 species are included in the five subgenera reviewed here, however.Within the genus, species have been segregated into subgenera and species groups largely on the basis of the structure of the male genitalia, and particularly on the conformation of the vesica of the male. Keys to subgenera, species groups, and species are presented. No new species are described. Subspecies are not formally considered because an adequate analysis of the often complex geographic variation is beyond the scope of this paper.

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